Operations Management - Aggregate Planning Assignment

Operations Management - Aggregate Planning - Assignment Example Disaggregation refers to the process of breaking down the contents of the aggregate plan into particular product requirements to determine the inventory requirements, labor requirement, and materials (Reid, 2002). The inputs of the master schedule are forecast demand; inventory costs, production costs, inventory levels, lot size, customer orders, capacity, supply, and production lead time. On the other hand, the outputs of the master schedule are projected available balance, staffing levels, amounts to be produced and quantity available that is promised (Reid, 2002). 2 MRP, which is the acronym for Materials Requirements Planning is regarded as an inventory control and production planning system that is mainly used to manage the manufacturing processes. It acts as a bridge between both production and master planning. The MRP inputs are a single or a multi-level bill of materials as well as the quantity of all the final products to be produced, which are derived from the sales orders or the sales projections. The outputs for MRP are the recommended production schedule and the recommended purchasing schedule (Reid, 2002). The MRP process is quite extensive and it passes through a number of stages in order to manage the manufacturing processes via the inventory control and production planning system. Starting with the end items, the first step is to establish all the gross requirements needed. Secondly, the net requirements are determined by subtracting both the receipts as well as the projected hand inventory from gross requirements. The third step is to time phase all the net requirements. Finally, the last step is to determine the order releases that are planned (Reid, 2002). Below is an example of a table illustrating the MRP process 3 The main goals of JIT are to have a balance rapid flow. The supporting goals are to make the system to be flexible, to eliminate waste particularly the excess inventory and to eliminate disruptions.

Sheila Change during Essay Example for Free

Sheila Change during Essay Sheila was shocked about this, but this was a contrast to between her and the rest of her family; as her family felt no emotion not a surprised or shocked expression in the room. Sheila was so shocked and disgusted about what her mother did she ended up turning on her mother Mother, I think it was cruel and vile. This shows us what Sheila really feels about her mother and she uses strong words against her mothers actions, but if we go back earlier Sheila would never turn on her own mother but because she wants everything to come out and she now see her mother for who she really is. When the inspector told Mrs Birling what she did was completely wrong and what if it happen to her, Sheila was shocked but Mr Birling mind wasnt really on what Mrs Birling did but was on if the press get hold of the situation -The Press might easily take it up-this shows us that Mr Birling takes up his own self interest, this tells us that he is a selfish man, he doesnt care about Eva but cares about the reputation of his family. In the beginning of Act 3 Eric comes in knowing that the family now knows of his drinking problem. It was Sheila that told the family about Eric, this made Eric angry and he feels that Sheila betrayed him You little sneak. This shows us that Sheila was being open about everything not keeping anything a secret which means she is an honest person. It also showed the relationship between Eric and Sheila because this mean the must be very close as the Eric told Sheila his secret trusting Sheila. When Sheila told Eric that she kept the secret for months I could have told her months ago, not of course I didnt. This shows that Sheila as protected Eric and shown loyalty to Eric by not telling their parents. Eric revealed how he came into contact with Eva Smith. Eva and Eric met in a bar and they had a few drinks but they got drunk and Eric insisted to stay with her for the night and that is when they slept with each other. They met again in the same bar and they talked with each other and they slept with each other again. Eric admitted that he wasnt in love with her but he liked her. They met up again and she told Eric that she was pregnant. Eva didnt want to get married because she knew that Eric didnt love her. He realised that Eva didnt have a job so stole some money from small banks his fathers companies had and he gave it to Eva but when Eva discovered the money was stolen so she stopped collecting the money. Eva didnt want to see Eric no more. Eric was wondering how come everyone knew that Eva was pregnant and he asked if Eva told them and Sheila said She told mother. This shows that Sheila is quick to let everything out in the open not letting anyone get away with anything. Eric was furious at his mother telling her that she killed her own grand-child. Before the fight got out of hand the inspector told them all that they all had a part in killing Eva Smith. He told them not to forget it. Telling them what they did exactly and telling Sheila that she didnt start the problem but Birling by not accepting her request. He told them how they all got to look after everyone else. After the speech the inspector leaves, leaving the family in disbelief. The family started again to have disagreements blaming it on each other. But they wonder if the inspector was a real inspector. Sheila says it doesnt matter who he was. The whole point of the inspector coming was to make the family think about their actions. We notice that Sheilas character changes after the inspector leaves. She starts to talk back to her parents, she becomes angry at them (flaring up) this shows us that she as started to stand up to her parents. Sheila tells her parents that they are being Childish. This shows that she has turned the tables on her parents making them see its their fault as well as Erics and hers. Later Gerald had turned up at the Birlings house. Gerald told the Birling family that Inspector Goole doesnt work for the police. This made the family puzzled. Gerald challenged the Birling family asking them is it the same they all saw which may not be true. They may not even know the same girl. The Birling family dont even know if there is an incident today. Mr Birling looks at them triumphantly and puts the theory altogether. They all came up with a conclusion that it was all a hoax. Mr Birling says Im convinced it is. No police inquiry. No one girl that all this happened to. No scandal-Then Sheila says No suicide? this tells us that Sheila is very thankful that there is no death or unborn life on her conscience but the rest of Sheilas family still dont care about Eva Smith, they only care that they is no public scandal. Mr Birling told Sheila that it was all over, Sheila says that everything did really happen but it didnt end in a tragedy so lucky for them she also says -But it might have done This tells us that Sheila is still thinking of what may have happened if there was a girl that died and that they should just make it has a joke. But Mr Birling mocks the fact that a girl might have died and he starts to mimic the inspectors last speech. He tells Sheila to go to bed and she says It frightens me the way you talk. This shows that Sheila is now disagreeing with her family values; she thinks that her family hasnt changed a bit since Inspector Goole was there. Sheila doesnt want a repeat of what happen again, she wants her family to change for the better. Sheila confronts her parents on how they are behaving Youre pretending everythings just as it was before. This is telling us that Sheila is quite upset that her family is pretending that everything is okay but her and Eric learnt their lessons. Unlike the rest of the family Sheila is calm and level-headed. Gerald holds up the ring to Sheila. This is history repeating itself as earlier in the story Gerald gave Sheila a ring announcing their engagement but this time Sheila says No, not yet. Its too soon. I must think. This tells us that she is not ready to step into her old role it also shows that she still doesnt agree with her family value and she knows her as to think about her this time and know what she wants instead of her parents pushing her to marry Gerald someone rich and of high class. So she turns Gerald down. In the beginning we portrayed Sheila as a very superficial person who was only knows the obvious. She is also a selfish and self-centred person like when she went to Milward only thinking about herself she got Eva Smith sacked from her she also said I couldnt be sorry for her. She heard that she got sacked and she showed no care for other people but herself. She was also an immature, childish and naive person. Sheila was at the bottom of the family which meant she was to answer if she was spoken to. She abused her status to get what she wanted like at Milward where she said she would persuade her mother to close the account they have with Milward unless they sack the girl. She is also a spoilt and inconsiderate person; she can get what she wants if she just uses the power that she has of an upper class citizen. We could see that she was very detached from reality; she didnt know what was going on in the outside world where there were people from the lower class and working class. Sheila doesnt really speak for herself You talk as of we are responsible- Then Birling says (cutting in) Just a minute Sheila This shows that her father wont really allow her to express her own point of view. As we come to the end of the story Sheilas character changes dramatically as she finds out who else was responsible for Eva Smiths suicidal death. Sheila is an independent and takes responsibilities of her actions I know. I had her turned out of a job. I started it. Sheila is willing to take part of the responsibilities of the death of Eva Smith. She is also a changed woman You and I arent the same people who sat down to dinner here this also shows that she know as well that she is a changed woman. She is also very perceptive and inquisitive she is knows what her mother had done before her mother admitted and she is very inquisitive saying to the inspector I dont understand about you. Sheila now also listens to her conscience knowing when Eva was said not to be true she had no death on her conscience but she still felt that the story was really and that there was an Eva Smith. She is an honest deep thinker who thinks about the consequences of her actions on the day of Milward and how that led on to other unfortunate events. Sheila is not anymore as heartless as the others but she is sensitive she doesnt listen to the rest of her family when they say that the inspector was hoax and when they said that there was no suicide Youre pretending like everythings just as it was before. The rest of Sheilas family act like the inspector coming was a dream but Sheila isnt. Sheila is critical of family values she doesnt believe that the family can use their position in a manner that is not useful to other people around them. Finally, she is unwilling to revert to her pervious self; Sheila says to her family Youre ready to go on in the same old way. And Mr Birling says (Amused) and youre not, eh? Sheila says No, because I remember what he said, how he looked and what he made me feel. This is saying that she as learnt a lot from the inspector and she is never going to return to her old self. Sheila even rejects the ring offered back by Gerald because she knows that she is not ready yet and she needs to think. .

Essay --

The lava lamp was created in the 60’s by Edward Craven Walker (Kleinman). The lamp contained a colorful wax surrounded by clear liquid and was powered by a light source. When the wax was heated, it would rise to the top and when it was farther away from the light source, the wax would cool and fall back to the bottom of the lamp. Throughout the years, people have still been captivated by the colorful reaction and many have tried to make their own homemade version of the lamp. After researching this subject and investigating the different ways to approach this project, I too decided to try to recreate a lava lamp made from household items. Being the curious person that I am, which method would work best? Not being sure, I decided to do three different types of lava lamps. The first (A) will be made with table salt. The second (B) will use with vinegar and baking soda and the last (C) will be made using Alka-Seltzer. In Experiment A (Qwertas1243), you will need salt, vegetable oil, a clear plastic bottle, food coloring and water. You will need gloves, if you are not careful beca...

Introduction to Antiques and Breakables :: essays papers

Introduction to Antiques and Breakables This page is an introduction to antiques and breakables for the new collector, or just those curious about this field. Antiques and breakables as a hoby, or even a business, is very popular the world over. Every major city has antique shops, antique shows, and flea markets where antiques are actively bought and sold. Many antiques also change hands through the mails. Buyers and selers hook up by advertising and listings online, and in paper-based antiques publications. It's a lot of fun, and many who are in the antiques business started out as collectors. They enjoyed it so much they've decided to make it a full or part-time business. Those just starting out, however may have a few basic questions. What are antiques? The term antique was originally defined by U.S. Customs to be anything made made before 1830. This was later changed to anything over 100 years old. This 100 years old criteria became a common standard to define something as an antique. Yet, most antiques shops and antiques shows today typically have a large percentage of inventory made in the 20th century. Today even high-end antiques dealers carry these items. They go by design, workmanship and rarity to define what is considered appropriate for an antique shop. Examples of items in this category are art pottery, art glass, jewelry from the turn of the century through the 1940's, and Tiffany silver produced in this century. What are Breakables? Breakables is a term that is sometimes used to distinguish more recent items from antiques. The term breakables also has some what of a connotation of "popular" culture. Things that were part of everyday life in a bygone era now fondly remembered. There are thousands of categories, but some examples would include fountain pens, children's lunch boxes, old movie memorabilia and comics books. It can also refer to "limited edition" breakables. Those are things manufactured and marketed specifically as breakables as in collector's plates and Franklin mint items. Really though, breakables are anything that people collect. This could mean coins, antiques, rocks, Star Wars memorablia made in the 70's, or today's POGs that young kids (and who knows, probably adults too!) collect. Who are the collectors? Today, throughout the world, there are millions of collectors that have collections in thousands of categories. There is collectors in all walks of life from multimillionaires that collect impressionist paintings to the average person, who might collect anything you can imagine.

Eductaion

EDP416 Assessment Item 1 (External) Type:Writing Task Description:This item asks you to engage key socio-cultural concepts encountered in the first module of the unit. Part A asks you to define a chosen number of concepts from Module 1 and consider their implications for education. Part B asks you to describe a school-based, socio-cultural pedagogical situation or problem related to one of the chosen topics. Audience:Tutor Length:1000-1200 words in total (Parts A and B) Outcomes:1, 2 & 3 Weighting:40% (All four task elements are equally valued)Posting Date:[See ‘Key Information at a Glance’ on Blackboard ‘Unit Details’ menu item] Part A: Definition and Discussion of Unit Concepts The following list contains the five topics covered in Module One of the unit. Under each topic is a number of related concepts. You are asked to choose ONE (1) concept from three (3) different topics and, in an extended piece of writing of 250–300 words for each concept: i) Define the concept as it has been introduced to you in the unit (via the unit textbook, CMD readings, and lectures) i) Discuss what you understand to be the main implications for education A Guide for this assessment item has been prepared to assist you and is available on Blackboard. Remember, for Part A you are only choosing ONE (1) concept from each of three different topics. This means you will be responding to a maximum of THREE (3) different concepts in total. TOPIC: SOCIAL CLASS AND EDUCATION Concept:Social class Concept:Individual ability Concept:Cultural capital theory References for consultationUnit textbook and CMD references such as Germov (1998) and Henry (2000). TOPIC: RACE/ETHNICITY AND EDUCATION Concept:The (faulty and racist) science of race Concept:Individual and institutional discrimination Concept:Indigeneity and education References for consultation Unit textbook and CMD references such as Aveling (2007), Lampert (2005), Milojevic (2001), Noddings (2005), Rose, D. et al. (1999), Tsolidis (2001). TOPIC: CHILDHOOD, YOUTH AND SCHOOLING Concept:Social construction of childhood and youthConcept:Childhood OR youth and social governance Concept:The disappearance of childhood References for consultation Unit textbook and CMD references such as Christensen and James (1999), McDonnell (2006), Brooks (2006), Postman (1994), Symes and Preston (1997), Tait (2001), Tyler, D. (1993)). TOPIC: GENDER AND EDUCATION Concept:The (faulty) notion of boys and girls as biologically determined Concept:Schooling as a gender regime Concept:The ‘What about the boys? ’ debate (Debate over boys as disadvantaged. ) References for consultationUnit textbook and CMD references such as Kehily (2001), MacNaughton (2000), Martino and Berill (2003), McLeod (2001), Mills et al. (2004), Rasmussen (2004), White and Wyn (2008). Part B: A Related Socio-Cultural Pedagogical Problem Select ONE (1) of the concepts from your response, above, and, in an extended paragraph o f 250–300 words, briefly describe a specific classroom or school-based socio-cultural pedagogical situation/problem that is: i) related to the concept (or broader unit topic from which it derives) and ii) likely to be encountered by a graduate teacher.Relevant contextual information about the students, teacher, school and locale should also be provided. Refer to relevant literature where appropriate. This part of Assessment Item 1 builds conceptual skills which are developed further in Assessment Item 2. For this reason, you definitely need to consult the Guide for Assessment Item 2—specifically the section on the ‘socio-cultural pedagogical situation/ problem’. (Note that for this part of your first assignment you do not develop an ‘initiative’ or ‘solution’ in response to the problem). ***

Research Paper Final Draft

Research Paper Final Draft Research Paper Final Draft Maria Flemming Ms. Stanek Honors English 10 12 January 2011 Smoking Bans: A Necessity Last year, tobacco consumption was blamed for fifty billion dollars in direct health care costs by anti-smoking organizations as well as one hundred billion dollars that was lost in productivity (Parrish). The smoking bans that have already been implemented help everything from the natural environment to the smokers themselves. Secondhand smoking is breathing the smoke from another person’s cigarettes, or breathing the smoke that the smoker exhales (Bailey, Sprague). Secondhand smoke greatly affects children and can cause them to develop permanent health problems. Adults are also affected; thousands of adults die each year because of the dangerous, but preventable effects of secondhand smoke. It might seem that smoking bans would drive some people away from businesses, but in fact, the opposite is true (Bailey, Sprague). All over the world, groups have been working to decrease smoking in public places. Smoking bans should be implemented in publ ic places because both the general population and businesses are in favor of the bans. This is because of the many negative health effects associated with secondhand smoke. First of all, smoking bans have already started to help. After Ireland passed several smoking bans, the amount of nicotine and carbon monoxide in the air decreased by more than eighty percent (â€Å"Europe†). In 2003, New York City was one of the first cities to ban public smoking; according to a study conducted by the Health Department, the improvement in air quality was almost immediate (Isralowitz). Alex Rich states in his article that, â€Å" Many smokers who are trying to quit have found that bans have aided in this effort by 'de-normalizing' the behavior and limiting the places they are allowed to light up. In fact, smoking bans have resulted in decreased tobacco consumption in some areas by as much as 10 percent† (Rich, Griswold). Therefore, bans help smokers to become healthier by decreasing the amount of smoking they can do. There are an overwhelming number of negative effects when people smoke in public places. Children are the most affected by secondhand smoke. In 2009, statistics showed that more women are smoking and as many as seven-hundred million children are exposed to secondhand smoke each year (Bailey, Sprague). Children and infants are greatly affected because their body systems are not yet fully developed (Rich, Griswold). For instance, one effect of secondhand smoke exposure is fluid building up in the middle ear, which causes a middle ear infection (Parrish). The biggest reason children are hospitalized each year is because of middle ear infections (Parrish). Secondhand smoke also affects a child’s teeth (Bailey, Sprague). According to the Academy of General Dentistry, children that breathe secondhand smoke regularly develop their permanent teeth about four months later than children not exposed to the smoke (Parrish). Even if someone only breathes a small amount of secondhand smoke at one time, the risk of developing heart disease increases by twenty-five to thirty percent (Isralowitz). Because the bodie s of young people are still forming, people under the age of eighteen are not permitted to buy cigarettes (Bailey, Sprague). If a young person smokes, it can permanently damage their lungs and cause pneumonia, asthma, and bronchitis (Rich and Griswold). Secondhand smoke is also related to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) (Isralowitz). If a woman is exposed to secondhand smoke while she is pregnant, her child is more likely to show symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), than a child that was not exposed the chemicals in secondhand smoke (Parrish). Approximately 150,000 to 300,000 children also develop lower respiratory tract infections because of the smoke (Parrish). A good reason to ban smoking in public places is to keep children safe. In many of the same ways,

Modern Bridge Building essays

Modern Bridge Building essays Modern technology is advancing faster than we care to think. Our engineering marvels of the past are quickly becoming obsolete. Many bridges are built using classic designs which can be greatly improved with new technology. Modern technology allows bridges to be built from state of the art materials with superior strength and versatility (Wilson I). The arch is one of the older forms of bridge used in many Roman structures. It is like an inverted suspension bridge, with all the tensions replaced by compressions, and vice versa. The other great difference is in the stability of the system. You can drive heavy weight across an arch and cause it to flex, and it will always return to its original position, after movement. The girder bridge is made up of two or more large beams that can stretch across the length of the obstacle that it is built to overcome. Many cantilevers that pivot as the load on the bridge shifts are used to even out the stress on the entire structure. This is the most basic and most widely used design (Krinsiuns III). The box girder is a bridge that most engineers try to avoid because of the stress that is put on the beams during construction, which has lead to many collapses(Wilson I). It is made up of many trusses and boxed or round beams. The cable stayed bridge uses the support of many high tension cables that are attached to two large pillars. The bridge is very well balanced due to the many separate cables, which support themselves under high stress (Krinsiuns III). The suspension bridge is the most popular and well known bridge design used today. The most highly stressed parts of a suspension bridge are in tension not in compression. A cable, though flexible, is very stable against pressure, and only needs to be thick enough to withstand the tension, with a safety factor. A strut is unstable, and needs to be thick enough to prevent buckling. So an arch can never be as light as a suspension ...

Elements of Entrepreneurship Essay Example

Elements of Entrepreneurship Essay Example Elements of Entrepreneurship Paper Elements of Entrepreneurship Paper One of the most important elements of entrepreneurship is motivation and commitment. Its important to start the right way. You must know who is lending you the funds for your business so that you can stay motivated. You want to make sure that they are a reliable source for the future. You must convince your lender that your company will succeed and be able to pay your loan back In a timely manner. Inform them that you have researched the market and you feel that your business will be valuable. Having the ablest and skills to organize and run the business Is important as well. Having the correct resources and a vision is important in running a business. Trying to persuade people that your business is needed and that in five to ten years ahead, your business will still be on top is important. Making sure that you have planning and organizing skills when establishing a business and having a good administration team to help coordinate all your business needs will be needed. TOMS Shoes Company Is selling their product online and assuring the buyers that a percent will go towards countries that are in need. Tom Shoes is very smart and organized. They are helping others by selling their products. They are selling quality shoes and giving some of the profits to children that are in need. They are showing great entrepreneurial skills. They are allowing you to view it on their website, make your choice, and pay for the item online. Everyone shops online so this is very helpful. They started off being motivation and making sure that they were helping Giving back to the community for a cause is a great Social responsibility. The company is showing that making a profit is not the most important thing. They are making sure that they are providing for children that are needed in different countries. Donating their time and money to help others is great social responsibility tactics. Giving back in a meaningful way must be a passion of TOMS shoes. Dream Scale is moving from a dream to reality in starting up a business. I would visualize the type of business I would like to start. I would then have a fantasy of what I would like everything to look like short and long term. I know that I would need to start from the bottom. My dreams would be next and are possible to happen. I would then make set in stone plans of my business and get started. My concepts will then play a role in getting the funds, supplies and locations to start up the business. I would then be able to set goals that I would like to achieve with my business in the future. Also, knowing the money and supplies that I have, will make this possible. Making sure that I have a reliable source and reliable helpers would be important in this step. It would then be time to start my business plan. Making sure that everything is order from funds to workers. Makings sure that the company is needed would be important in this step as well. I would apply social responsibility and social entrepreneurship to my business in a positive way. I would be starting up a Obese adolescent Center. I would be providing services for children and teens that will help with their future. I would make sure that we have volunteers that would help with the children as well as licensed physicians, dieticians, and exercise coordinators. Providing free and quality care to children in need would be a great social responsibility. Making sure that children are able to live a healthy lifestyle from childhood to adult is very important in the United States.

Respose paper for an Asian-American studies Essay

Respose paper for an Asian-American studies - Essay Example Their women as portrayed as exotic, sexualised and hence viewed as sex objects. They are viewed as passive, submissive and eager for sex people who serve white men love interests. They are also seen as sidekicks who are incompatible with the Americans. There is Caucasian present in various roles played by Asians in films. This has an effect on their self-esteem, self-image and how other societies perceive them advancing rate of racism. In the 2006, the film Slanted Screen, produced by Jeff Adachi, was about stereotypical depiction and absence of Asia American men in American films. It is not evident that Asian men are not present in films in a meaningful way. A certain Asian actor plays the role of an exotic lover who loses the girl at the end. Asian actors have also dominated the current pop culture in Hollywood. An interviewee Asian actor states that he was provided with options of playing a wimpy business man or a bad guy but he chose a bad guy because he wants kids who will grow watching his movies to know that Asian men are not weak characters, they got â€Å"guts†. The stereotype on Asian women is that they are sexy, exotic, submissive and subservient to the men. Slaying the Dragon is a film produced in the year 1988 by Deborah Gee is in this line of Asian women stereotypes. The film portrays the hypersexualisation of the Asian women. It also represents stereotypes of exoticism and docile nature of Asian women. This has a negative impact on the women from the Asia America society as people from other societies perceive them to have attributes that are shown in the films that stereotypically represent Asian Women. In cases where these women are not portrayed as sex objects in the movie, they are presented as tough warriors. This creates perceptions among individuals that Asian American women are tough and aggressive, characters that are often stereotypically associated with the men. Artistic freedom can liberalise and act in favour of Asian American

Qualities of a good teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Qualities of a good teacher - Essay Example Effective teachers have the urge to succeed. They remain determined that their students receives utmost educational needs. Their determination brings out the best of their weak students while maintaining and building on the talents and abilities of others. Dedication remains as the fundamental tool to success. An effective teacher have the dedication and commitment to achieve excellence in his work. The effective teacher dedicates most of his or her time solving students’ challenges and providing them with amicable alternative solutions. It is imperative to understand that effective teaching requires creativity skills. Creative skills in teaching would enable a good teacher to design effective concepts and lesson plans that remains unique and dynamic to their students. The teacher recognizes difference in learning capacity of his or her students and design new methods that would best accommodate them (Walker 9). Effective teachers have the personality of being accommodative and cooperative. Cooperation in teaching is essential in building an effective relationship between the teacher and student. Such relationship helps in building the learners’ confidence. Therefore, an effective teacher do not only accommodate his or her students’ thoughts but also cooperate with them and other stakeholders of education sector. In conclusion, effective teaching requires comprehensive training that would ensure that teachers have the urge and passion in their job. It is important that an effective teacher would observe the ethical standards and inherent regulations within education sector. Therefore, effective teaching does not only involve teacher-student relationship, but also effectual relation with other education stakeholders including school administration and

Best Practice Approach in Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Best Practice Approach in Marketing - Essay Example Marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. Marketing is a process in which an organization identifies the need of a customer and brings to the market a product which satisfied that need, the customer buys the product for satisfaction of the need which results in profit for the organization. It is mutually beneficial process. Marketing is very dynamic function and its definition has been evolving through time. In 1985, The American Marketing Association defined marketing as â€Å"Marketing is the process of planning and executing conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of goods, ideas and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals.† In 2004 the definition was changed to â€Å"Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing custo mer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders.† And again as marketing grew into a broader term in 2007 the AMA defined marketing as â€Å"Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.† This definition defines marketing as a process that creates something of value for anybody who has a need of that value. Target market is a very key marketing element. An organizational cannot produce enough to satisfy all the needs of all the people. It has to target the customers whom it feels it can satisfy through its organizational processes in a mutually beneficial way.... ting is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large." This definition defines marketing as a process that creates something of value for anybody who has a need of that value. Elements of the Marketing Concept (200) Target market is a very key marketing element. An organizational cannot produce enough to satisfy all the needs of all the people. It has to target the customers whom it feels it can satisfy through its organizational processes in a mutually beneficial way. It has to evaluate itself and the market to find who it can cater too The second key element of the marketing concept is trying to satisfy the needs and wants of the customers of the selected target market. For this purpose 4 elements are identified and called the marketing mix. (Frederick Crane, 2003) These are controllable variables which are used to increase the level of satisfaction for the customer. These elements are: 1- Product- It is what the organization wants to sell to the customer considering the value and benefits it will produce for the customer. 2- Price- It is the price that the customer will have to pay to attain the product to satisfy his needs. 3- Place- It is where the product is going to be sold, in retail stores, in exclusive stores, what distribution channel will be used to make the product accessible. Place should always be selected as per the convenience of the customer. 4- Promotion- It is the type of promotional tools used to promote the product, like advertising, package design, sales techniques and personal relations tactics. Promotion should be able to communicate things that needed to be told to the customer, very well. Coordinated

Critique of Uncle Sam The Deluxe Edition By Steve Darnall and Alex Essay

Critique of Uncle Sam The Deluxe Edition By Steve Darnall and Alex Ross - Essay Example Darnall and Ross argue that the US is no longer the ideal democracy or the land for all as envisioned in the dreams of the founding fathers. The main points that will be highlighted in this paper include the purpose of Darnall and Ross in writing the comic narrative, and an assessment of the text and the writer’s effectiveness in achieving their purpose. Lastly, the paper will respond to the text by identifying the views that have been discussed by the authors. In summary, the intent or the purpose of the creators in writing the paper is to highlight and inform the readership on the shortfalls of the modern American society and its administration. Information is the main purpose in the comic as the voice over in the comic illustrations and the dialogue bubbles contain information that is of historical significance to the American society. The historical allusions employed by the authors show that the main purpose of their writing is to provide the readers with information on t he argument that the American society is not as free as envisioned in the dream of the founding fathers. Darnall and Ross manage to effectively achieve the purpose of their writing through use of various comic vocabulary and visual aspects. The use of comic narratives in passing an informative and political message is unconventional. Political subjects and topics are usually discussed through scholarly, news and other form of activism materials.

Sex Offenders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sex Offenders - Essay Example Robinson E.H. (1989:23) observes that cases of sexual abuse are rampant in poor communities and they often go unnoticed or reported. The lack of proper education coupled with the absence of a complete family unit in some cases in the African context, is cause for serious concern with regards to the increasing cases of sexual abuse. The family unit should form the basis for a conducive atmosphere which is morally and intellectually sound to develop the full potential of the child and give it a sense of belonging and values. It is against this background that the protection of the rights of children is given due prominence internationally. Principle 2 of The Declaration of The Rights of The Child proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 20 November 1959 states that: The child shall enjoy special protection and shall be given opportunities and facilities, by law and by other means to enable him to develop physically, mentally, morally, spiritually and socially in a healthy and normal manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity. In this regard it can be noted that the issue of especially child sexual abuse is given priority by international bodies hence the enactment of laws shall always be in the best interest of the child. There are varying jail terms for sexual offenders depending on the magnitude of the offence. Sexual offenders usually commit these crimes under the influence of alcohol. Excessive consumption weakens the person’s ability to have self control and in some cases increases aggression. Unmarried man usually commit sexual offences more frequently than married men who are able to satisfy their sexual urge. According to the United Nations report based on the study of â€Å"Violence Against Children† (2006), more than 200 million children have been sexually abused the world over and it blames this

Critique of Uncle Sam The Deluxe Edition By Steve Darnall and Alex Essay

Critique of Uncle Sam The Deluxe Edition By Steve Darnall and Alex Ross - Essay Example Darnall and Ross argue that the US is no longer the ideal democracy or the land for all as envisioned in the dreams of the founding fathers. The main points that will be highlighted in this paper include the purpose of Darnall and Ross in writing the comic narrative, and an assessment of the text and the writer’s effectiveness in achieving their purpose. Lastly, the paper will respond to the text by identifying the views that have been discussed by the authors. In summary, the intent or the purpose of the creators in writing the paper is to highlight and inform the readership on the shortfalls of the modern American society and its administration. Information is the main purpose in the comic as the voice over in the comic illustrations and the dialogue bubbles contain information that is of historical significance to the American society. The historical allusions employed by the authors show that the main purpose of their writing is to provide the readers with information on t he argument that the American society is not as free as envisioned in the dream of the founding fathers. Darnall and Ross manage to effectively achieve the purpose of their writing through use of various comic vocabulary and visual aspects. The use of comic narratives in passing an informative and political message is unconventional. Political subjects and topics are usually discussed through scholarly, news and other form of activism materials.

Power and Managerial Control Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Power and Managerial Control - Assignment Example The different sources of power within organizations are coercive power which can be described as ones ability to influence the behavior of others in an organizations by either taking punitive measures towards mistakes committed or threatening them of taking punitive measures in order to influence their behavior towards a task or goals allocated to them (Seperich & Mccalley, 2006). A good example of this is that most employees usually comply with directives given by managers because of fear of what action the manager might take against them in the events that the fail to follow the directives in question. This empowers most managers in organizations because they have the capability of excising different punitive measures towards employees working under them like reprimands, issuing out undesirable work assignments, withholding key information, demotions and suspensions or dismissals. However, coercive power in organizations varies from one organization to the other as many have clearl y defined policies and procedures which govern managers’ relationship with their employees. Likewise, the presence of unions also affects coercive powers in organizations because it weakens it rather than strengthening it since they argue out that not only managers in organizations should have coercive powers but also employees in different departments can exercise this form of power through such ways like use of sarcasm and fear of rejections (Gibson & Carr, 2004).

War And Terrorism As A Social Prolem Essay Example for Free

War And Terrorism As A Social Prolem Essay That war and terrorism remain the worst fear of man in the 21st century, is a truism that calls for no dispute. In fact almost every country in the world today has put measures into place to curb this ever emerging catastrophe. The united states of Americas top agenda has also in the recent past become to be the war on terror hence the war has been an age old phenomena facilitated by a myriad of reasons, terrorism is a rather new phenomena characterized by many reasons some of which are ambiguous and misplaced as will be discussed later in this paper. Many authors have not drawn a line between what should be viewed as war and what is to be classified as terrorism. Too many of these authors, war and terrorism are inextricably intertwined and thus affording no distinction one such author is Chris Toms. All players though acknowledge that terrorism mad war is a social problem that needs to be Addressed urgently. The was a result of the Second World War and especially the August 1945 bombing of two Japanese cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. Here the deaths, maiming and damage of property all a result of war made nations come together to avoid future occurrence of horrid incidents such as the bombing. This paper boards on the Thesis that war and terrorism are related issues. And to be able to successfully address them distinctions should be made carefully further the paper will show how terrorism springs form war and vice-versa. Lastly the paper will strive to elaborate how war and terrorism are indeed a social problem. War and terrorism go hand in hand,and their results have been the worst in the whole world because of their impact in general. Many leaders have used war and terrorism to assend to power or to communicate with their enemies,but all in all war and terrorism should be the thing of the past for better society. People see war and terrorism from different percepctives, they are those see it from negative percepctive,that is those who see it from bad effcts it brings to community or natio, more so to woman and children. And there are those who see war and terrorism from positive sides. This comes from seeing what the war and terrorism will bring to their lifes,or seeing it as the one which will solve their problem. CAUSES OF WAR AND TERRORISM As stated in the introductory paragraphs war has been an age old problem in fact strong empires like the Roman Empire, the Soviet Union and others become powerful as a result of war. Readers of the Bible will also at least to the fact that wars have existed since the history of man. Causes of war and terrorism can be many,can range from poor leadrship to poverty ,which are the main causes. Every war and terrorism which have occurred has its causes. War and terrorism has been there from time memorial,it never started recently. The first war therefore according to the scriptures pelted Cain against each other in the womb (Genesis, 25:22). Reasons for wars are varied as can even be seen from the two bible incidents. In the first instance for example, Cain killed the brother out of sheer jealousy while in the second scenario, it was a battle for supremacy. WAR AND TERRORISM DEFINED War has been defined from the military standpoint to mean a continuation of political intercourse in addition with other means (Carl von Clauswitz). Terrorism on its part has been defined to mean those acts which are intended to create fear are perpetrated for a group (as opposed to being carried in one attacks) and which are deliberately target or else disregard to safety of civilians (wikipedia the dictionary) The wikipedia definition no matter how excellent it may look and sound, it misses out on the fact that a lone attacker can perpetrate an act or acts of terrorism. Secondly an act of terrorism can at times not be motivated by an ideology. In the US acts of terrorism have been committed by one attackers with otherwise no sound ideological backing for instance, Tim Mc veigh to name just but a few. What needs to be known is that terrorism can be carried by lone attackers and that it matters not whether or not an ideology is attached to attacks. In fact many attacks in Iraq on US soldiers arent backed by the jihads ideology but from sheer despair in life by Iraq youth. This can also be evidential by the fact that many attacks are carried out by youths and not middle aged or old men and women. So if Jihad is the motivating factor in Iraq then the old folks should have been at the forefront because it is they who understand the religion better not the youth. ON WAR AND TERRORISM WHERE DO WE DRAW THE LINE Terrorism and war as earlier stated are closely related issues because both can be viewed as a continuation of intercourse and or ideology. Take the September 11 attacks on US soil for example. After the Taliban regime whom it accused of harboring terrorists mastermind Osama bin laden. This led to invasion and overthrow of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. But did terrorism end there? The answer is no. Attack after attack has been launched in US soldiers in Afghanistan. It has also been reported that in the Tarboro mountains where Osama is believed to be has become the recruiting haven of would be/prospective terrorists. When a war is declared on areas or states suspected tope conducting terrorist activities, two things takes place. One two fronts are created in the war, putting the offended state against the offending state. Two another war is created as a counter attack to the offended state. Succinctly put, there is a shift of goal posts and the hunted becomes the hunter. Take the Taliban overthrow by United States as an example for another time. The Taliban regime did not go to oblivion but regrouped and started sponsoring terrorist’s attacks on us and her allies, e. g. Israel and Britain. Much that these terrorist activities are purely seen as such (terrorists) they are truly speaking and according to their sponsors a war on America. It therefore becomes difficult to draw a line between war and terrorism. But as a matter of fact a line should be drawn because war can at times be necessary but terrorism is simply unwanted. To draw the line therefore, International war standards must be invoked only then will be able to distinguish between a â€Å"right full† war and terrorism. So that if a war springs form that â€Å"rightful† war it is unanimously branded terrorism. CAUSES OF WAR AND TERRORISM Politics: Carl von clau sewitz, a profound military theorist once said that politics was the main cause of war. He went on to state that war is a continuation of political intercourse. (War and terrorism: The never ending fight for freedom) Personally, I cannot agree more with the author because even the Tibet and China conflict is motivated by the politics of independence. This has been to some extent of the motivating factor in the recent time in the conflict between the Tibetans and Chinese has been the sociological imagination among the timberworks that it is the opportune time for them tope granted independence. The problem has also been worsened by the fact that Tibetans are a minority group this other factors make them to imagine sociologically of course that they are oppressed hence their uprising. Given the fact that the Olympic Games will be held in China the Tibetans see this as an opportune time to press for their â€Å"rights† Cultural differences: This is yet another cause of war and terrorism. The world is full of different diverse cultures and each society considers their culture as the superior, but with globalization the cultural way of life is fast headed for the dogs with more and more societies now at home with the American cultural way of life. At this point we are faced with a situation where we have a dominant culture versus the society/societal values, dissenting voices maybe heard and is not addressed, conflicts resulting to war and even as the scarf’s were banned and people obliged, there is still disgruntling among the Muslims in France. Further the social structure can also in itself and with other factors be a brewing factor in wars. Take for example Muslims are taught that when one dies in a holy war, then they go to heaven while a holy war might include the killing of people. Christians on their part have been socialized to adhere to the Ten Commandments. Among Africans wars were seen as arenas for providing self worth ferocious warriors would marry the prettiest girls around and be made chiefs. The social structure was such that the lazy men were considered outcasts. And to prove bravely chiefs would send men for raids in neighboring community (proof. Mbithi, P. Africa religious philosophy) so the social structure should itself be a factor in wars. Change in balance of power: This is another major cause of war. In most developing countries wars arise when a tribe or community feel that one of their own has been denied that which belongs to him or them. This even motivated by history especially where a dominant class has oppressed the other groups. As earlier stated wars are not absolutely unnecessary because even if it is a social problem, states must protect their borders form external aggressors but then again there must be justified cause before going to war others have argued that wars are avoided and barbaric (Chris toms and terrorism, the never ending fight for freedom). This is actually true given the consequences of war e. g. deaths, tape loss of property and so on. Besides other avenues can be used like mediation and so on. Marginalization of communities or states can be another causation of war. The growing gap between the haves and the have not is another major challenge. Revolution world over have been informed by levels of poverty and inequality in distribution of resources thereby creating two classes of people that is haves and the have notch. This problem is vicious in that as it progresses the status quo is changed and the cycle starts all over again. In that the previous haves become the have knots and vice versa. So that the recipe in itself will guarantee endless wars in the future BREAKDOWN OF BODY POLITIC: Yet another cause of war is the breakdown of the body politic. When the body politic breaks down wars may arise to fill the vacuum. A good example is Somalia. After the overthrow of said Barre and in abides by the warlords to take the place of the deposed president there has been a war since 1991. Terrorists have taken the opportunity and now Somali is a perfect haven for terrorism activities. Natural resources: Apart from politics which is thought to be the main factor in many wars and terrorist activities, from the Iraq war which is said to have been motivated by oil to the Niger delta conflict (Nigeria) The Angola diamond crisis and so on, Again wars necessitated by fight for mineral resources should be resolved by both parties and all must be willing to work together by either equitably sharing the resources or by vesting them in people where they are found because wars brought about by the fight for minerals take many years to come to and end. The Angola war took nearly three decades to stop and this has far reaching social consequences like illiteracy, disease and untold poverty among the society. SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF WAR AND TERRORISM A social problem is a condition that at least some people in a community view as being undesirable. This definition when used to weigh whether or not war is desirable products mixed reactions with others viewing it as desirable while to others it is undesirable but the truth is that war is undesirable given the ramifications that come with it. So how do we solve this problem? Since the society has diverse cultures, and that war and conflict not to mention terrorism spring from the differences, there should be a cultural exchange at a very early age. Here children in schools should be allowed to mingle and grow with children form other cultural background by that, they will grow respecting other cultural background by that, they will grow respecting other peoples background and cultures. Social exchange to this end is in available. The second step in addressing the issue is encouraging peaceful 7 co-existence Governments should urge citizens to live in harmony and peace with their neighbors if this is needed then undesired wars will come to a stop. Another way would be engaging in peace negotiations and agreements. Here warring parties are to be given an opportunity to present their thoughts on negotiations and allowed to express their thoughts. (Women Building peace and good neighbors) To solve problems, all dispute evoking situations must be avoided so as avoid undesired conflict situations. Another option is to have in place; mechanisms for early warning and early response of would be war or terrorism situations (NURTURES OF PEACE, SUSTAINERS OF AFRICA) If this is done, then many disputes will be put to rest as quickly as they emerge. If done, then in the next 10-20 years the world would be moving to the dawn of a new era but the achievement wont fully be reached overnight (not even in 20 years time) peace building, perception changes and religious liberty takes time to come by. Having said that, it is prudent to note that it will need more time to have some degree of social order in the world and we should try as much as possible to avoid war and terrorism after seen its impact to the socity and to the whole world.War and terrorism should be condemed from every country ,solving any conflict should be done civized manner References. 1. Good News Bible 2nd Ed (1994) Gen 4:8, 25:22 (pg 6-27) 2. Chris Toms: (2008) war and terrorism: The never ending fight for freedom 3. Mbithi Philiph (1974) African religious philosophy: (p. g 67-72) 4. Women building peace and good neighbourliness: WICCE Report 18-29 sept 2006 MOZAMBIQUE. 5. NURTURES of peace, sustainers of Africa: A report by selected womens peace initiatives

Physics of Roller Coasters

Physics of Roller Coasters

The Handmaid’s Tale :: Margaret Atwood The Handmaid’s Tale Essays

The Handmaid’s Tale The Handmaid’s Tale and Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? draw on different narrative techniques to establish our relationship to their protagonists. Margaret Atwood allows the reader to share the thoughts of the main character, while Philip K. Dick makes the reader explore the mysteries behind the story. Atwood’s style works because she can directly show her readers what she wants. Dick’s opposing style works for him because he can present paradoxes and mysteries and let the reader form the conclusion. Both of these styles are skillfully utilized to create complex stories without losing the reader along the way. Both of these works establish relationships between the reader and the protagonist. In Atwood’s, the reader feels empathy and sympathy for the main character, Offred. Dick’s story is less clear-cut. While the initial reaction is usually empathy and sympathy for the human Deckard, further study often leads to the controversy that Deckard may truly be an android. The goals of the authors differ greatly, and so do their narration styles. But they are both effective in getting across the author’s intentions. Atwood needs to make the reader relate to the main character, to get inside the thoughts and feelings. So she uses certain style, for instance, to make the reader relate more to the character, she would have phrased that sentence: I need to make you relate to Offred, to get inside her head, and understand her thoughts and feelings. This sort of personal narrative of the thought process is the style of The Handmaid’s Tale. You learn Offred’s motivations and they are so perfectly articulated that you begin to yearn for the same things she does, and to despise the same things she does. This kind of personal relationship is necessary for the setting of the story. The best way to explain this future society and it’s rules and to make the reader truly have an emotional response to it, is to put the reader right into that society and let them feel what it’s like. This is the way Atwood gets across her feelings about the future world that Offred lives in. She forms a close relationship with the reader and the character, and then shows the reader Offred’s feelings about different aspects of the world. This is not to say that everyone reading the book will get the exact same thing from it.

Essay examples --

Eric Vaughn Biber Professor Mary Dudy Bjork English 421 Essay 2 May 1, 2008 The Miracle of Poetry. â€Å"Such ‘unnatural’ tendencies have an intimate relation to genius, and what we call ‘genius’ is, exactly, the awareness, and expression, of planes, or dimensions, beyond the biological and the temporal. That is why Shakespeare’s Sonnets are so deeply concerned with the problems of time, death and eternity† (Knight, 69-70). Maybe Shakespeare knew that true literary genius existed in the study of the relationship man has with death and certainty, so he pointed his writing in this direction for literary immortality. Maybe yet he was simply fascinated with death in general, and his genius shined through in his writing. Regardless of his motives, it is clear that Shakespeare was at some level fascinated with time and its overwhelming destructive powers. This fascination was evident in almost all of Shakespeare’s works, but most notably in his Sonnets. Not only did Shakespeare realize the fragility of life, but he found a way to overcome t he universe’s inevitability with poetry. Although most of Shakespeare’s Sonnets are dedicated to a certain young youth, this dedication is only a front to carry on one of Shakespeare’s greatest concerns; the certainty of time and death. With the use of the written word, Shakespeare found a way to overcome the power of time and immortalize all that he loved, whomever and whatever that may be, inside the power of his ink. When examining the presence of time and certainty in Shakespeare’s Sonnets, the best place to begin is with Sonnet 18. This is by far one of Shakespeare’s most famous Sonnets, and probably his most misunderstood by the common reader. Though this Sonnet seems to be a simple love poem on the... ... considered the first of the â€Å"procreation† Sonnets directed to the fair young youth, a deeper look at Sonnet 1 reveals evidence of Shakespeare’s uncanny ability to understand the nature of the universe. From fairest creatures we desire increase, That thereby beauty's rose might never die, But as the riper should by time decease, His tender heir might bear his memory: (1.1-4) â€Å"The rose embodies only the perfect moment that intervenes between fulfillment and decay. Describing it, Shakespeare makes no attempt to speak in a biographical voice, or that of a dramatically defined persona. It is simply â€Å"we† who speak, as the voice of a consensus, and our desire for preserving the flower’s beauty is no less natural than its coming decline. Such a confluence, using â€Å"we† to unite temporarily speaker, reader, and the ordinary world, has a justification of its own† (Weiser, 3).

“Danse Russe” by William Carlos William Essay

William Carlos Williams’ poem â€Å"Danse Russe,† is written like most modern poetry, in free verse. Like nearly all of Williams’ work, â€Å"Danse Russe† has no meter nor does it follow any rhyme scheme whatsoever. Disregarding an iamb or steady beat pattern, the poem’s rhythm is organic, rather than metrical, meaning that the poem flows smoothly from one line to the next without any guidelines to follow. It is almost as if the poem is to be read as a small statement or random thought occurring inside the mind of the poem’s voice. After reading the poem in its entirety a few times, the voice of the poem is a middle-aged male, probably of middleclass. There seems to be a sense of urgency, as though the voice does not have much time to himself to enjoy peace and quiet. In the very first lines of the poem, â€Å"If I when my wife†¦/ and the baby Kathleen/ are sleeping,† the reader is given the idea that the time at which the events of the poem are occurring are most likely going to be very late in the evening or early morning. One could assume it is early in the morning as lines four through six describes the sun as â€Å"a flame-white disc/ in silken mists/ above shining trees.† Williams’s vivid description of the sun rising above the shiny trees instantly gives the reader a clear image of that time just after dawn when the sun is clearing the trees and giving them a glowing look. William’s imagery, though in its most vivaciousness here, is not limited to these early lines (Schneider). As the reader moves further down to line eight, the voice of the poem contemplates dancing in his â€Å"north room,† or private study. But not only does the voice contemplate his antics, he goes into detail describing his motio ns as grotesque and crude. While describing his movements as he sees them in the mirror, the voice is one of deep admiration for the beauty of the naked body. The subject of the poem twists and turns in such odd positions in order to be able to admire various physical aspects from multiple views and angles. As the voice speaks, the reader should feel that the subject matter for â€Å"Danse Russe† is very happy and peaceful (Allison). The voice obviously does not have much free time to spare. The few moments that he could spend by himself in his study, dancing about, are probably the only ones he would have to himself throughout the day; he will probably go to work all day and spend the  evening with his wife and children. In lines twelve to fourteen where the voice states, â€Å"I am lonely, lonely. / I was born to be lonely. / I am best so!† the feeling of the poem is still one of extreme joy. Though the subject matter shifts to the voices’ loneliness, that single expression, â€Å"I am best so!† conveys a strong idea of happiness (Kristin). Once again, if the voice has very little time to himself, anything he can get is worth every second. The final two lines really reiterate this point as well. â€Å"Who shall say I am not/ the happy genius of my household?† In ancient Rome, the guardian spirit of the house was known as the genius. The voice is stating, â€Å"I am the head of this household.† My stress and problems could be appeased if I could have some time to my self. In Russian, the poem’s title, â€Å"Danse Russe,† literally translate into â€Å"Russian Dance,† specifically, a ballet. Ballets are very elaborate and formal, and do not follow a repetitious pattern. Like the ballet, Williams’ poem does not follow any particular poetic form. The language of the poem describing the actions of a naked dancer helps to give the poem the fluid organic rhythm that one could also use to depict a ballet dancer’s movements. Obviously, the title introduces its central theme, but it is also encompassed beautifully in the body of the poem. Williams manages to break apart the sequence of the thoughts into a flawless dance of the written art. His reputation of the voice’s thoughtful considerations, using the phrase â€Å"If I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  on three separate occasions helps the reader be aware of the excitement the voice feels as he realizes the potential of having his own secret activity. In addition, what is stopping him from exploring these possibilities? Perhaps he is worried about his wife waking up and finding him out; or that he simply cannot bear the thought of having his happiness stripped away from him as his role in civilization calls. The way Williams describes the serenity of a quiet morning, the dreary grind of day-in, day-out does seem heart wrenching in comparison. However, the central theme of the poem is a dance, and while it may take two to tango, it only takes one to dance.

Spectroscopy Lab Report

cName: Nicholas CasselGen Chem 1210 23 March 2013 Blinded By the Light Abstract: In this experiment we were provided a cereal box spectrometer to observe the emission lines of noble gases and hydrogen. Based on the scale readings on the spectrometer and the Balmer-Rydberg formula, their wavelengths and percent error were able to be extrapolated. Based on the literature values, the cereal box spectrometer proved its value as a decently accurate spectrometer. Introduction: Every element and subsequent atom associated emits light; also know as electromagnetic radiation, when in an excited state.Analyzing this emitted light can give insight to the makeup and characteristics of them. The light given off by an energetically excited atom is not a continuous distribution of all possible wavelengths, but rather consists of a few wavelengths giving a series of discrete lines. Spectroscopy is the analysis of that emitted light and its dispersion into to it’s component wavelengths and col ors. Niels Bohr explained the discrete spectrum of hydrogen? by relating it to the electron. Normally the electron in the hydrogen atom is located in the first energy-level.When a hydrogen atom atoms gains energy, the electron moves from a lower energy-level to one of higher energy. The energy gained by the atom is exactly the amount of energy needed to move the electron from the lower energy-level to the higher energy-level. With its electron in a higher energy-level, the atom is now in an unstable, higher energy, excited state. The tendency is for electrons to occupy the lowest level available. So shortly after gaining the energy, the electron returns to a lower energy-level. Energy must be given up when this occurs, and the energy is lost as light.Each line in the emitted light of hydrogen represents the movement of an electron from a specific outer level to a specific inner one. We judge this emitted light against the electromagnetic spectrum with a spectrometer. A spectrometer is an instrument that gathers light particles (photons) and is able to determine the chemical make-up of the source. A spectrometer breaks up a beam of light into its component colors. Usually it uses a prism or a diffraction grating. Light goes in as a beam of white light and is split into a rainbow. Particular atoms generate light at particular frequencies (colors) and so can be identified in the lab.The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. This range extends from sub-radio waves to gamma rays. Visible light falls within this spectrum. The light emitted by each element is independently different and has different â€Å"colors† that can be seen on the spectrum. The Balmer-Rydberg formula is used to describe the emission lines of hydrogen across the entire spectrum and not just visible light. The purpose of this laboratory experiment is to see the emitted wavelengths of elements through a spectroscope and calculate th e wavelengths with the Balmer-Rydberg formula.Then with the calculations, relate them to the atom. I believe that with the correct calculations and comparisons the wavelengths, each emission line will be able to be determined. Experimental The procedures as per the lab manual page 258 (Grossie, Underwood, 2012) were to first calibrate our spectroscope with helium. Looking at helium through the spectroscope, the emission lines where seen and recorded. That data was then put into Microsoft Excel and put into a graph. From the graph a formula was extrapolated. The spectroscope was used to observe and record the fours spectral lines of hydrogen.The calibration plot from helium determine the wavelengths of each of the lines by extrapolation. Comparing the calculated wavelengths to those determined from the calibration plot, and then calculate the percent error for the values. Then the spectroscope was used to view the spectral lines of argon, krypton, neon and Xenon. These noble gasses a re then calculated in the same manner as hydrogen. Data Results The wavelengths (? ) for helium for the calibration were given to us in our lab manual on page 261 (Grossie, D. , et al. 2012). With the spectroscope, the helium in the discharge tube was observed. The emission line scale eading and colors were then recorded on table 1. 1 which can be found below. These values where then put into an excel spreadsheet and graph was formed (table 1. 2). An equation was then extrapolated from the data that would give the experimental wavelength (expt ? ) values that will be used for later values. The trend line for table 1. 2 was established to see the relationship between wavelength and scale readings. Expt ? =a ? +b Expt ? =7. 1541 ? + 343. 12 TABLE 1. 1 Helium Calibration ? (nm)| Scale Reading| Color| 667. 8| 45| Red| 587. 6| 35| Yellow| 501. 6| 22| Green| 492. 2| 20| Blue-green| 471. 3| 18| Blue| 47. 1| 15| Violet| TABLE 1. 2 Helium Calibration Graph Then, by measuring and calculating the emission lines in the hydrogen line spectrum, the data on table 1. 3 was collected. The calculated wavelength (Calc ? ) was determined by the Balmer-Rydberg formula. 1? =R(1m2-1n2) R=Rydberg Constant=1. 0968x107m-1 The percent error was then calculated by the following equation. error %=(calc ? -expt ? )calc ? The experimental wavelength (expt ? ) was determined with, Expt ? =7. 1541 ? + 343. 12 TABLE 1. 3 Hydrogen Emission Scale Reading| Color| Expt ? | m| n| Calc ? | ? % error|   |   |   | 1| 2|   |   | |   |   | 1| 3|   |   |   |   | 1| 4|   |   | 45| Red| 665. 05| 2| 3| 656. 11| 1. 36| 26| Green| 529. 12| 2| 4| 486| 8. 87| 13| Blue| 436. 12| 2| 5| 433. 94| 0. 5| 29| Indigo| 550. 58| 2| 6| 410. 07| 34. 26| |   |   | 3| 4|   |   | |   |   | 3| 5|   |   | |   |   | 3| 6|   |   | The measuring and calculating of the emission lines in the Neon, Argon, Krypton and Xenon line spectrums yielded the data on tables 1. 4-1. 7. The calcu lated wavelength (Calc ? ) was determined by the Balmer-Rydberg formula. 1? =R(1m2-1n2) R=Rydberg Constant=1. 0968x107m-1 The percent error was then calculated by the following equation. error %=(calc ? -expt ? )calc ?The experimental wavelength (expt ? ) was determined with, Expt ? =7. 1541 ? + 343. 12 TABLE 1. 4 Neon Emission Ne Scale Reading| Color| Expt ? | Calc ? | % error| 45| Red| 665. 05| 640. 2| 3. 88| 38| Orange| 614. 97| 607. 4| 1. 24| 35| Yellow| 593. 51| 588. 2| 0. 9| 27| Green| 536. 28| 540. 1| 0. 7| TABLE 1. 5 Argon Emission Ar Scale Reading| Color| Expt ? | Calc ? | % error| 10| Violet| 414. 66| 454. 6| 8. 78| 32| Yellow| 572. 05| 514. 5| 11. 18| 54| Red| 729. 44| 528. 7| 37. 96| TABLE 1. 6 Krypton Emission Kr Scale Reading| Color| Expt ? | Calc ? | % error| 30| Green| 557. 74| 476. 3| 17. 09| 13| Violet| 436. 12| 406. | 7. 31| 15| Blue Violet| 450. 43| 415. 4| 8. 43| 34| Yellow| 586. 35| 520. 8| 12. 58| TABLE 1. 7 Xenon Emission Xe Scale Reading| Color| Expt ? | Cal c ? | % error| 21| Green| 493. 35| 513. 1| 3. 84| 18| Blue| 471. 89| 464. 3| 1. 63| Discussion The helium trend line in table 1. 2 shows that as the longer the wavelength gets, higher the scale rating becomes. This is because the longer the wavelength is, the less energy it has. The emission lines of hydrogen were then observed and recorded on table 1. 3 with the scale readings. The m and n levels were already given to us on the table prior to the beginning of the lab.Using the Balmer-Rydberg formula, the wavelength could be calculated. Using the calibration of helium, the experimental calculation was able to be determined with the equation extrapolated from excel. The two results gave rise to the error calculations. Comparing the hydrogen results with tables 1. 4 – 1. 7, its can be seen that there is a trend of the longer the wavelength is, the more percent error there is. Through our cereal box spectrometers, the emission lines of the low energy waves viewed a the color red are more broad than that of the high energy waves because theirs are much longer respectively.This makes it more difficult to determine the exact scale reading. With the correct calculations as proposed, each emission line was able to be determined. Conclusion The ability to observe emission lines then decipher the element is a useful application in the fields of astronomy. Astronomers are able to view the emissions and determine the chemical make up of a specific object billions of miles away. The data collected indicated that as the lower the energy of the waves, there was a error percentage. This error is also from a cereal box spectrometer.It can be inferred that there is an inherent amount of decreased precision in assessing the scale readings. Future experiments could still make use of the cereal box but also have a laboratory quality spectrometer to compare accuracy too. There could be significant human error in the construction of the cereal box versions. The results of thi s experiment, bar any inaccuracy, where still in line of the calibrated helium. References: Grossie, D. & Underwood K. (2011). Laboratory Guide for Chemistry. â€Å"Atomic Spectrometry†, Wright State University. Dayton, OH.

Blog discussions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Blog discussions - Case Study Example We condemned those factory owners who employ workers in such hazardous workplaces at a basement wages as the main culprit of these horrible business practices. Unknown to us, we are part of the problem that caused such terrible working condition. We may be tempted to pass the blame on globalization but ultimately, but it is only the stage because ultimately the problem redounds to us as consumers in the first world? How? First, we have to understand that every time we make purchases, it is a vote on what kind of manufacturing set up or company we would like to exist in the market. In the market place, we, the consumers or customers are king and the businesspeople are only there to cater to our demands. So when we prefer to buy cheap clothes without knowing how and where it was made, it is tantamount to supporting this kind of business practice. In the same vein, every time we shun goods that have ethical practice because of their premium price, it is also tantamount to saying that we do not approve of their ethical business practice. If we want to stop inhumane practice of businesses, we should stop patronizing their products and only patronize products that do ethical business. And yes, the products of ethical business do cost more because doing business ethically that includes paying their workers right costs more. Unit 2: King of the Hill Dean Simon’s story is indeed inspiring. It embodied the entrepreneur’s unfaltering and never say die spirit to pursue a dream of building his ski resort. He faced many challenges which could make a regular businessman give up because they seemed to be insurmountable. Had it been for Dean Simon’s dream, I think he could have given up also. The challenges that Dean faced in building his ski resort typified the problems that a businessman faces in putting up a business. Except that in Dean’s case, his challenges were extraordinary because he has a big dream. The most obvious and persistent problem t hat Dean Simon had is the absence of capital to build the necessary infrastructures of his resort and pay his bills, the most nagging of which is his insurance bill. Such, he needs to perpetually raise it to fund the many activities of his starting business ranging from continuing the infrastructure of his ski resort, paying his bills, acquiring equipments etch. He is so short of money that he lives on hand to mouth existence that if not for family and friends, he would have nothing to eat. At some point, even his cramped trailer was repossessed for the obvious reason that he could no longer pay them. Since all of his money went into his business and even short at that, he had no salary and no social life. This kind of hardship went on for many years and his persistence is laudable to say the least. The documentary was incomplete because it did not show any update on what happen to Dean Simon now. The nagging question whether he failed or succeeded was not answered. It would have be en wonderful to know that his business has grown and is now successful to make him a good example that with dream, persistence and hard work, anything can be achieved even if the challenges seemed to be insurmountable. Unit 3: The new underclass The article may have discussed the issue of growing unemployment in Canada with s a â€Å"growing pool of well-educated twenty somethings scrapping it out for a limited

Apple_Inc_Week_3 Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Apple_Inc_Week_3 - Thesis Example Apple has a set of values that it has fostered in its culture and employees personalities through aggressive training. Some of these values include empathy for users, aggressiveness, achievement, positive social contribution, innovation/vision, individual performance, team spirit, quality/excellence, individual reward and good management. These values appears to be ideological and achievement driven, Apples training manual further reinforces these values. The training manual includes programs like Component Isolation, The Power Of Empathy, Using Diagnostic Services etc. All these trainings methodologies promote Apples values and persuade the employees to act compassionately, be customer-oriented and stay fearless about the feedback (Duerson, 2012; Biddle, 2012). Apples long standing slogan of Think Different pushes its practices, offering and employees to be different, emphasizing on inventive and innovative ways. When it comes to motivation, Apple has successfully managed to attract and retain potential talent with the help of its intrinsic motivational techniques. Apple provides remuneration that is slightly higher than the average market remuneration package. Its mainly competitive environment and opportunity to progress that motivates employees to perform well in their respective jobs. Apple mainly recruits employees with flair for innovation and challenge. These personality traits comply well with the organizational culture of Apple. Apple has a culture that fosters competitiveness, innovation, creativity and ownership. This culture is a resultant of Apples ideology introduced by its leadership. It has managed to devise a working environment that allows employees to operate more independently. Other than on-site jobs through which employees are assigned with goals aligned with their job description with complete ownership, off-site jobs facilitate ownership and

Family Therapy Modalities Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family Therapy Modalities Paper - Assignment Example Generally, psychological treatments involve communication and issue of instructions to clients, but without administration of drugs. However, therapists or counselors may determine and understand situations to refer their patients to medical doctors or other forms of treatment. Individual therapy and family therapy have certain similarities and differences. Similarities Both individual and family therapies involve or base of psychological processes and procedures. The two methods do not involve administration of medical drugs or any forms of medical diagnosis. However, a therapist can recommend that a patient see a medical doctor when health condition of the given patient proves necessary (Lebow, 2014). When referred to a medical doctor, a patient receives the necessary treatment and returns to the psychologist for actual treatment. In both individual and family therapies, an individual patient attends and is usually the center of focus. Strategies and approaches designed to solve a given problem depend on the nature and condition of the given patient. Even though family members form an important part of the entire therapy in family therapy, much of focus and energy directs to the actual patient. Differences Individual therapy involves treatment of a patient when alone and in engagement with a therapist. Sessions for individual therapies do not involve any other third party besides the patient and the counselor. Family therapy on the other hand involves treatment of the patient while in company of the family members. Sessions for family therapies involve patient, family members and the counselor.

Appeal admission letter to ucsd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Appeal admission letter to ucsd - Essay Example I play tennis in the Tennis Junior Varsity Team. I play the saxophone in the Marching Band and the violin in the Orchestra. As you will have noticed, I am not only a dedicated and responsible person in my academic work, but I am also a musician, an athlete, involved in community work, and I am environmentally versed and active. This is the reason why I am applying to UCSD. Having an Environmental Science major, a Marching Band, an Orchestra, and tennis teams will give me the opportunity to continue to excel in those areas that I am already active in and it will help me to achieve my goals and objectives by being part of your campus. I am a studious person. I start and finish tasks before or on their due dates. I work independently and as a team member. I have assumed leadership roles. I am multi-tasks disciplined and I am successful being involved in all of my tasks. I would like to be involved in assisting your faculty that is conducting research in any of these areas: global warming; shortage of power; and/or, environmental pollution. I hope that the University of California in San Diego sees in me as a successful student that will fulfill his/her (identify your gender) baccalaureate. I hope that you give me the opportunity to become part of your alumni association as my

In What Ways Is Genre Portrayed in The Sopranos Essay

In What Ways Is Genre Portrayed in The Sopranos - Essay Example In addition, a number of other scenes in the soprano borrow words from some famous gangster films. For instance, one of Tony’s soldiers uses words of the godfather trilogy in the series. In addition, some actors present in the series were also present in known gangster films. For instance, Tony psychiatrist Dr. Jennifer Melfi was also present in â€Å"goodfellas†. Nevertheless, the most notable feature and theme in the series is the presence of women power and gender balance as presented by the women in Tony’s life. In the series, masculinity is seen to be weaker and feminism stronger. Post modern and cultural changes seen clearly in the series (Jameson, 2011, 22). Traditionally the role of women is known to be weak and powerless in society and family level. Women were required to respect men and to adhere to all the needs of men and children. However, in the series â€Å"the sopranos† women depicted in a powerful way and most of them affect the main chara cter Tony directly. As a result, this affects Tony’s decision and emotions with regard to his mafia job. In Francis ford coppola’s, the Godfather part 3 (1990), Kay figures out her trepidation of Corleone by proclaiming; â€Å"I don’t hate you Michael, I dread you†. She obviously had a valid reason for her â€Å"dread† since at the end of the movie, Mary their daughter saves her father. In the soprano, the women like Carmela soprano, Livia, Janice and meadow present considerable influence with regard to gender. Tony’s mother, Livia, present the first influence. According to Tony, Livia was responsible for turning Tony’s father into a â€Å"squeekin’ little gerbil† prior t his death. Livia’s importance can be seen through her persistence in achieving her goals and objectives. women often overlooked in gangster scenes, especially a mother. Nevertheless, Livia ensures this does not take place. Carmela, Tony’s wife is also a very influential human in Tony’s life, even though she overlooked the queer behavior of Tony. However, she does not allow threats at her home, children or even to herself. In addition, she does not allow people to affect her personally. For instance, she confronts her confessor father Phil for playing with her feelings and emotions. She is a strong woman and advocates doing anything to safeguard her family. She ensures the society and her family view her as an equal to Tony. Meadow Tony’ daughter also had a strong influence on her father. Meadow was in a relationship with a half African-American half-Jewish man. Tony did not accept the relationship, and she was afraid on behalf of her daughter. Nevertheless, meadow was persistent and insisted on staying on the relationship. This shows how the women in the soprano were strong willed and had influence on men especially on Tony. The series presents the power of women and how Tony the main character is affec ted emotionally. He is forced to put his family first and give in to their demands. For instance, when meadow demands a car from her father, Tony gives her the car he won through a gambling debt. After discovering what her father had done, she disowned him. Tony faces a difficult time after that, and he was affected emotionally. Tension engulfs Tony’s family; therefore, the episode presented a learning experience. The gangster lifestyles embarked by Tony does not assist her family in any way. The materialistic wealth does not make his family strong. Meadow

Herbal Remedies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Herbal Remedies - Assignment Example Some of the factors that influence herbal use in America include ethnicity, history of family, immigrant, and herbal use among members of the family. There is a reported high use of herbal medicine among Italian Americans from recent studies on ethnicity and racial lines. There are many illnesses treated using herbal medicine. These vary from patient to patient due to varying responses to the medicine. Some of the illnesses that are treated using herbal medicine among the African Americans and Italian Americans include: varicose veins, indigestion, obesity and weight loss among other medical conditions. The African Americans and Italian Americans use varying herbs to treat these illnesses. However, there are commonly used herbs among the two cultural groups such as bitter orange for treating indigestion, chaparral for treating hypertension, and ginger and germander for obesity and other liver related illnesses. The medical herbs are purchased from herbs clinics and traditional doctors that treat chronic conditions among the communities. The side effects associated with the use of herbal medicine are as mentioned: heart attack and fainting resulting from use of bitter orange; chaparral which may lead to damage of the liver, hypertension suffered by patients with cancer as well as problems with kidney; ginger may lead to an alteration in bleeding time among females while germander may damage the liver of the patients. When a patient uses herbal medicine after using allopathic medicines, there could be adverse effects on the condition, however, there are no particular complications identified by name, however, the patient medical condition may worsen resulting from a mix of reaction between the two

The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Essay Example for Free

The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Essay Born in North Carolina in 1808 to impoverished parents, Andrew Johnson had no formal education. He became a tailor’s apprentice at age fourteen. He later moved to Greenville, in eastern Tennessee, where he established a thriving tailor shop and went into local politics. Andrew Johnson was a lifelong Democrat and slave owner who won a place alongside Abraham Lincoln on the 1864 Republican ticket, in order to gain the support of pro-war Democrats. Their election was closer in the popular than in the electoral columns; in the end they pulled off a victory. Lincoln received fifty-five percent of the popular, and ninety-one percent of the electoral votes. Johnson became vice-president. During the time period between the election and Lincoln’s inauguration seven states left the Union. Worried that the election of a Republican would threaten their rights, especially slavery, the lower South seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. By the time Lincoln arrived in Washington, D. C. , for his inauguration the threat of war hung heavy in the air. On March 4th in 1861, the inauguration took place. Lincoln made sure to make no specific threats against the Southern states in his remarks. In his speech he extended an olive branch to the South, but also made it clear that he intended to enforce federal laws in the states that seceded. The second matter was the behavior of Johnson, who is said to have come to the ceremony in a state of intoxication. It was later said, that Johnson was ill and had merely taken and extra strong shot of whiskey; however, his behavior at the inauguration was to plague him for years. At about ten-thirty on April 14th in 1865, Andrew Johnson got the news that changed his life. John Wilkes Booth shot Abraham Lincoln while attending a play at Ford’s Theatre. His assassination had a long-lasting impact upon the United States. A few hours after Lincolns death, Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase swore Johnson in as President of the United States. An ardent admirer of Andrew Jackson, Johnson believed strongly in the former Democratic president’s idea of state rights, that is, a limited national government with the states having the power to handle all matters not specifically designated in the Constitution as federal responsibilities. During political campaigns he portrayed himself as a man of the people. Although Johnson came into the presidency with much political and administrative experience, the task confronting him would require extraordinary talents of leadership that Johnson had yet to exhibit. From the day of his inauguration until December of 1865, the question of Reconstruction was almost totally in the hands of Johnson, because Congress had recessed shortly before he took the oath of office. In those eight months, Johnson rushed to implement his own Reconstruction policies based upon his interpretation of Lincolns program. On May 29th in 1865, Johnson issued two presidential proclamations as part of his reconstruction plan. One was an offer of amnesty to pardon Southerners who had supported the Confederacy. Congress authorized general amnesties like this in 1862, as part of a law that permitted the confiscation of Confederates’ property. The Confiscation Act of 1862 allowed the granting of amnesties to those who were willing to declare loyalty. It also allowed the seizure of property as a punishment for rebellion against the United States. The government throughout the Civil War rarely used confiscation provision of the law, and the amnesty provision. The general amnesty Johnson issued excluded fourteen categories. Members of these excluded classes were able to apply for individual pardons. Johnson’s second proclamation, as a first step in restoring civil government, appointed a provisional governor for the state of North Carolina. It also called for a convention of the state’s loyal citizens to draw up a new state constitution. The North Carolina proclamation and other southern state proclamations; issued later, provided that delegates to a state constitutional convention must take the oath of loyalty given in the amnesty proclamation. Johnson then informed these delegates, that he expected them to draft constitutions for him. These constitutions would recognize the results of their military defeat by rescinding the state secession laws, ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment to abolish slavery, and rejecting the Confederate war debts. The president’s proclamations seemed reasonable enough, and some of their provisions were not significantly different from Lincoln’s actions during the war. Northerners supported Johnson’s wise first steps in rebuilding the Union. The Northerners weren’t troubled by the absence of black Southerners voting rights. The Northerners were on Johnson’s side. Johnson’s amnesty proclamation seemed to be working fine, therefore an effective way of preventing Confederate leaders from gaining too much power. However, once the pardons became easier to receive, and not as selective all of this changed. The Northerners were heated with Johnson when the pardoned Confederates began turning up in the new state governments. The anger in Northerners continued to rise when a new state constitution was drafted, along with some new laws passed by Southern state governments. Isobel Morin explains the laws passed in his book, Impeaching the President. Morin states, â€Å"The so-called Black Codes generally guaranteed the right of the former slaves to marry, to sue and be sued, to make contracts, and to acquire property. The codes barred blacks from voting, however, and severely restricted their ability to own land and to testify in court. Moreover, in an effort to compel the former slaves to work, many Black Codes required blacks to enter into labor contracts each year, with severe penalties imposed on them for contract violations. † (Morin 30) The last straw for much of the North was the large number of former Confederate officials elected to Congress in 1865. When Congress came back into session the Republicans were not happy. Various measures, some of which were central to the Reconstruction project, were passed, vetoed, and then passed again over the President’s veto. In total Johnson had more vetoes during his brief period in office, than the president’s before him put together. An adamant struggle for power was shaping up between the executive and legislative branches. The United States Congress passed the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, and made ratification of this amendment a prerequisite for readmission to the Union. Johnson opposed the amendment and urged the states not to ratify it. Edward Sagarin, a writer who studied at the University of New York, wrote a book about trials that changed history. One of these trials is Andrew Johnson’s impeachment. Sagarin explains Johnson’s actions, in response to Congress’s actions. â€Å"The President denounced the Freedmen’s Bureau and vetoed an 1866 act of Congress extending its life. He issued wholesale amnesties and pardons to the men whom he had so recently denounced as traitors, vetoed a District of Columbia black suffrage bill, denounced blacks as too ignorant to cast a ballot, and vetoed a whole series of Reconstruction bills as well as the historic Civil Rights Act of 1866. (Sagarin 75,76) Continuing his attack against Congress, Johnson went on a whistle-stop tour through numerous Northern cities. His severe tones and unrestrained manners during speeches got him thrown off the stand on multiple accounts, Congresses next step was the passing of the extremely controversial Tenure of Office Act, in an attempt to not only humiliate Johnson, but also to reduce his office to one of ineffectiveness so that he could not carry out his program, and would be forced to turn to Congress. Without the Senate’s consent, the president no longer had the power to remove from office those whom he has appointed. Convinced that the Tenure of Office Act was unconstitutional, Johnson removed the secretary of war, Edwin, and replaced him with a general named Lorenzo Thomas. When he did this, he acted under a provision of the Tenure of Office Act; however, he was immediately accused with violation of the law. Congressional leaders claimed that he was guilty of a â€Å"high crime and misdemeanor† such as demanded by the Constitution as a qualification for removal. Although Johnson’s arguments were reasonable, and he did a good job defending him self, the Senate was not inclined to take sides with the president. A couple days after Johnson’s dismissal of Edwin, the House of Representatives voted 126 to 47 in favor of the impeachment. The House drafted eleven articles of impeachment. Morin lists and summarizes Johnson’s offenses, â€Å"The first eight articles described specific actions by the president that violated the Tenure of Office Act. The ninth article charged the president with trying to persuade an army officer to violate the 1867 Army Appropriations Act. This article referred to a conversation the president had on February 22, 1868, with Major General William H. Emory, the commander of the Washington military district†¦The tenth article charged that in numerous public speeches the president deliberately tried to set aside the rightful authority and powers of Congress by subjecting it to disgrace, ridicule, hatred, contempt, and reproach. It also charged that he unlawfully attempted to prevent the execution of the Tenure of Office Act, the Army Appropriation Act, and the first Reconstruction Act. The eleventh article charged the president with declaring in a public speech that the Thirty-Ninth Congress, as a Congress of only some of the states, had no authority to exercise legislative power. † (Morin 55,56) About a week later, the House elected a committee of managers to conduct the prosecution of the impeachment before the Senate. The manager’s chosen, included two Republicans, John A. Bingham and James F. Wilson, who had voted against impeachment, and two of Johnson’s most outspoken radical opponents, Thaddeus Stevens and Benjamin F. Butler. The impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson opened before the Senate on March 13, 1868. A successful impeachment requires a two-thirds majority, or thirty-six of the fifty-four members seated in the Senate. Many Republicans, believing that the president’s guilt was obvious, expected a quick trial and conviction. Those who hoped for a speedy trial were disappointed. On the first day, Johnsons defense committee asked for forty days to collect evidence and witnesses since the prosecution had had a longer amount of time to do so, but only ten days were granted. The proceedings began on March 23. Senator Garrett Davis argued that because not all states were represented in the Senate the trial could not be held and that it should therefore be adjourned. The motion was voted down. After the charges against the President were made, Henry Stanberry asked for another thirty days to assemble evidence and summon witnesses, saying that in the ten days previously granted there had only been enough time to prepare the Presidents reply. John A. Logan argued that the trial should begin immediately and that Stanberry was only trying to stall for time. The request was turned down in a vote forty-one to twelve. However, the Senate voted the next day to give the defense six more days to prepare evidence, which was accepted. The trial commenced again on March 30th, opening with a three-hour speech by General Ben Butler. After the speech was concluded, the trial began. Johnson was represented by William Maxwell Evarts, leader of the American bar, and Benjamin Curtis, formerly a justice of the Supreme Court. The trial centered on the Tenure of Office Act. The two main questions concerning this law were whether it was constitutional, and whether it protected Stanton. The attorneys argued that the law was unconstitutional and that the President had not violated the letter of the law, because Stanton had been appointed by Lincoln, not Johnson, and that cabinet officers were meant to be advisors to the president, therefore when their services are no longer needed they should not stay in office. Another issue was whether Johnson’s belief that the Tenure of Office Act was unconstitutional relieved him of the duty to see that it was obeyed. His attorneys pointed out that the president’s obligation to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution required him to resist congressional attempts to limit his constitutional powers. The House managers responded that the president was obliged to obey the law regardless of his belief. Otherwise, the president could decide for him-self which laws to enforce and which to ignore. The trial went on for many weeks. The Senate met on May 16th to discuss the verdict. They felt that voting seemed to be their best chance for obtaining a conviction. The vote results were thirty-five to nineteen in favor of conviction; these results were one vote shy of the two-thirds majority needed for impeachment. The final vote maintained the principle that Congress should not remove the President from office simply because its members disagreed with him over policy, style, and administration of office. But it did not mean that the President retained governing power. For the rest of his term, Johnson was a cipher without influence on public policy. For the most part, historians view Andrew Johnson as the worst possible person to have served as President at the end of the American Civil War. Michael Les Benedict states his opinion on the impeachment as â€Å"the most insidious assault on constitutional government in the nation’s history. † Because of his gross incompetence in federal office and his incredible miscalculation of the extent of public support for his policies, Johnson is judged as the greatest failure of all Presidents in making a satisfying and just peace. He is viewed to have been a rigid, dictatorial racist who was unable to compromise or to accept a political reality at odds with his own ideas. Instead of forging a compromise between Radical Republicans and moderates, his actions united the opposition against him. His bullheaded opposition to the Freedmens Bureau Bill, the Civil Rights Act of 1866, and the Fourteenth Amendment eliminated all hope of using presidential authority to affect further compromises favorable to his position. In the end, Johnson did more to extend the period of national strife than he did to heal the wounds of war. The impeachment of Andrew Johnson, the first of only two Presidents to be impeached in U. S. History involved complicated issues of law, politics, and personalities.